Decision No. 1705/QD-TTg dated December 31, 2024 on approval of Education Development Strategy by 2030, orientation toward 2045

THE PRIME MINISTER OF VIETNAM --------	THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom – Happiness ---------------
No: 1705/QD-TTg	Hanoi, December 31, 2024

DECISION

APPROVAL OF EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BY 2030, ORIENTATION TOWARD 2045

THE PRIME MINISTER OF VIETNAM

Pursuant to the Law on Organization of the Government dated June 19, 2015; the Law on Amendments to the Law on Organization of the Government and the Law on Organization of the Local Government dated November 22, 2019;

Pursuant to Law on Education dated June 14, 2019;

Pursuant to the Law on Higher Education dated June 18, 2012; Law on amendments to the Law on Higher Education dated November 19, 2018;

Pursuant to Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW dated November 04, 2013 of the 8th Conference of the 11th Central Executive Committee on radical changes in education and training to meet the requirements of the industrialization and modernization in a socialist-oriented market economy in the course of the international integration;

Pursuant to Conclusion No. 91-KL/TW dated August 12, 2024 of the Politburo on further implementation of Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW dated November 4, 2013 of the 8th Conference of the 11th Central Executive Committee on radical changes in education and training to meet the requirements of the industrialization and modernization in a Socialist-oriented market economy in the course of the international integration;

Pursuant to the 10-year Socio-Economic Development Strategy for the 2021 - 2030 period;

At the request of the Minister of Education and Training.

HEREBY DECIDES:

Article 1. The Education Development Strategy BY 2030, orientation toward 2045 (hereinafter referred to as “Strategy") is herein approved. The Strategy shall, inter alia, include the following contents:

I. VIEWPOINTS

Continuing to adhere to the viewpoints and directives of the Party and State on education development in line with Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW dated November 04, 2013 of the 8th Conference of the 11th Central Executive Committee on radical changes in education and training to meet the requirements of the industrialization and modernization in a socialist-oriented market economy in the course of the international integration, Resolution of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the 10-year socio-economic development strategy 2021-2030, and Conclusion No. 91-KL/TW dated August 12, of the Politburo on further implementation of Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW dated November 4, 2013 of the 8th Conference of the 11th Central Executive Committee on radical changes in education and training to meet the requirements of the industrialization and modernization in a Socialist-oriented market economy in the course of the international integration. Emphasizing and focusing on the following viewpoints:

1. Education and training development is a top national policy, playing a pivotal role as a driving force for national development. Investment in education and training is investing in development and should be prioritized in socio-economic development investment programs and plans. The state prioritizes investment and attracts other resources, creating conditions for the whole society to participate and contribute to the development of education.

2. Further radical changes in education and training. Continuing to strongly shift the educational process from mainly equipping knowledge to comprehensively developing learners' capacity and qualities, especially their capacity for innovation and creativity. Effectively implementing the principle of learning with practice, linking theory and practice, linking school education and family and social education.

3. Education and training are for people and their happiness, maximizing human factors, considering humans as the center, subjects, objectives, driving forces, and resources for development, laying the foundation for achieving the objectives of a prosperous people, a strong country, democracy, fairness, civilization, and a prosperous and happy nation.

4. Promoting the development of a learning society, enable access of all citizens to continuous learning and lifelong education. Developing education, ensuring balance in quantity and quality, and rational structure of educational levels and occupations.

5. Actively participate in international integration and adopting, applying advanced scientific and technological achievements worldwide, especially those of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, digital technology, and artificial intelligence to modernize education.

II. OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT BY 2030, ORIENTATION TOWARD 2045

1. General objectives

Developing a modern education in Vietnam , inheriting and promoting the nation's fine traditions, absorbing human civilization, comprehensively developing Vietnamese people, satisfying the requirements of socio-economic development in the new era, proactively participating in and adapting to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the latest advances in science and technology; focusing on moral and personality education, maximizing the potential and creativity of each individual, creating the foundation for realizing the objectives of a prosperous people, a strong country, democracy, fairness, civilization, a prosperous and happy country. Developing an open education system, ensuring fairness and equality in access to education, serving lifelong learning, towards standardization, modernization, democratization, socialization, and international integration. By 2030, Vietnam's education system aims to reach an advanced level in the Asian region, and by 2045, to achieve an advanced level globally.

2. Specific objectives by 2030

a) Preschool education

Continue to maintain, strengthen, and improve the quality of universalization of preschool education for 5-year-old children; strive to complete universalization of preschool education for preschool children. Archive the enrollment rate of 38% for children of nursery school age and 97% for preschool-age children.

Strive to have 99.5% of preschool children attend school for 2 shifts per day. Improve the quality of nurturing, care, and education, ensuring that children develop comprehensively in physical, emotional, intellectual, aesthetic aspects, and are prepared for Grade 1.

Ensure that 100% of preschool teachers meet the standard educational qualifications as regulated by the Education Law.

Strive to have 30% of schools as people-founded and private preschools and 35% of children attend in such institutions.

Strive to have 100% of classrooms to be solidly built; with over 65% of preschools meeting national standards.

b) General education

Maintain solid results in universalization of primary and lower secondary education; aim to have 75% of provinces and centrally affiliated cities met the standard of primary educational universalization at level 3, 40% of provinces and centrally affiliated cities met the standard of lower secondary educational universalization at level 3, and 60% of provinces and centrally affiliated cities met the standard of lower secondary educational universalization at level 2.

Ensure that the rate of attending school at the right age is 99.5% for primary level, and 97% for lower secondary school; the rate of completing education programs is 99,7% for primary level, 99% for lower secondary level, and 95% for upper secondary level; the rate of transferring from primary school to lower secondary school is 99,5%, from lower secondary school to upper secondary school and other levels is 95%; 100% of primary school students study 2 shifts/day.

Ensure that 100% of general education teachers meet the standard educational qualifications as regulated by the Education Law.

Strive to have 5% of general educational institutions be private institutions and 5,5% of students attend such institutions.

Strive to ensure that 100% of primary, lower secondary, upper secondary schools have solid classrooms; 70% of primary schools, 75% of lower secondary schools and 55% of upper secondary schools meet the national standards.

c) Higher education

Have the number of university students per 10,000 people be at least 260, with at least 33% falling within the 18-22 age group, and the proportion of international students enrolled in university programs in Vietnam reach 1,5%; 40% of lecturers hold a doctoral degree.

Change the structure of education levels and academic disciplines to meet the needs of intellectual economic growth and deep global integration; have 35% of disciplines to be in STEM fields.

Increase development opportunities and improve capacities of higher education institutions, ensuring that 100% of these institutions meet the standard.

Strive to have 100% of educational institutions meet quality standards through appropriate accreditation cycles.

Have the average number of scientific publications and applied science and technology projects per full-time lecturer reach 0,6 per year.

Have at least 5 higher education institutions ranked among the top 500 universities globally, with 5 institutions in the top 200 universities in Asia; Vietnam to be among the top 4 countries with the best higher education systems in Southeast Asia and the top 10 in Asia.

d) Continuing education

Strive for a literacy rate of 99.15% among individuals aged 15-60; with a rate of 98.85% in extremely disadvantaged areas and ethnic minority areas. Have 90% of provinces meeting the illiteracy eradication standard at level 2.

Implement the model of learning city nationwide; have at least 50% of districts/communes/district-level towns/provincial cities and centrally affiliated cities recognized as learning districts/cities, and 35% of provinces and centrally affiliated cities recognized as learning provinces and cities. Aim to have 10 administrative units participating in UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities by 2030.

III. TASKS, SOLUTIONS

1. Completing the constitution

Review and improve the legal system, mechanisms, and policies on education, training, and related sectors towards scientific, modern, coherent, interconnected direction, in line with the international integration process and the reality in our country, creating a legal corridor for the development of education and training. To be specific:

Formulate Law on teachers; research and propose the formulation of the Law on Lifelong learning; review, propose amendments to the Law on Education, Law on Higher Education, and Law on National Defense and Security Education.

Complete investment mechanisms and policies for education and training with the State playing a leading role, while promoting the socialization of education, mobilizing effective participation of the entire society in the cause of education and training; ensure the coherence of related legislative documents, especially regarding investment, finance, public property, state budget, and recruitment, use, and management of public employees in public educational institutions; review and improve preferential policies on land, credit, and tax for all educational institutions; create a driving force to promote cooperation and fair competition in the network of public and private educational institutions, and encourage the private sector to invest in educational development.

Issue a new preschool education program with advanced content and methods, in line with practical conditions; improve the quality of implementing the new general education program; focus on developing continuing education programs to improve the quality of education meeting learners' needs, self-learning capabilities, and creativity; develop and issue training program standards for fields and groups of fields in line with international standards and practices and in accordance with the Vietnamese Qualifications Framework, the Quality Assurance Framework for Higher Education, and Pedagogical Colleges.

Further improve regulations on transferability among education and training levels, facilitating learners to improve their qualifications and change professions; improve the Vietnamese Qualifications Framework and the structure of the national education system, enhancing international transferability and compatibility.

Complete regulations on university autonomy in line with global trends. Complete regulations related to science and technology, innovation in higher education institutions towards facilitating and removing bottlenecks and barriers, considering the specificities of delays and risks in scientific research and innovation; improve preferential, incentive mechanisms and policies to commercialize research results and research cooperation, implementation between higher education institutions and businesses. Research and develop a legal corridor for artificial intelligence (AI) in education and training.

Establish breakthrough mechanisms and policies to attract and use foreign experts, scientists, and overseas Vietnamese to teach, research, and work at Vietnamese higher education institutions; intensify attracting international students in Vietnam.

Further innovate and complete mechanisms, policies on salary, recruitment, use, management, benefits, attraction, and appreciation of talented teachers and education managers. Research, develop timely incentives for teaching staff and educational managers working in mountainous areas, areas with extremely disadvantaged socio-economic conditions, coastal areas, islands, especially female staff from ethnic minority groups; have incentive, preferential policies for teachers working in specialized educational institutions.

2. Innovating education management and school administration

Further innovate state management in education; innovate the management system towards enhancing effectiveness, ensuring systematic, coherent, interconnected management from central to local levels and educational institutions, within the national education system from preschool education, general education to continuing education, vocational education, and higher education; implement administrative procedures through online public services. Complete the organizational structure, functions, and tasks of education regulatory authority at all levels; enhancing enforcement capacity; promoting decentralization, delegation of authority; strengthen the role of state education regulatory authority in deciding on payroll, organizational structure, policies for teachers, and allocating state budgets for the education sector.

Further innovate the educational institution administration mechanism in a scientific and modern direction aligned with the international integration process and the reality in our country; increase autonomy and self-responsibility associated with enhancing accountability and promoting democracy in educational institutions; ensure the participation of students, families, and society in the oversight of educational institutions; promote digital transformation, AI application in education management and school administration. Develop a healthy cultural and educational environment that meets the needs of families and society. Further promote university autonomy and innovate educational institution administration mechanisms with modern approaches in line with global trends. Hold the position of Party Secretary concurrently with Chairman of the School Council and Council of Public Universities; at the same time, clarify the functions, tasks, and relationship between the President of the School Council and the Principal to have regulations suitable to reality, taking into account the characteristics of Military and Police schools. Conducting a comprehensive assessment of the restructuring and merging of continuing education centers and vocational - continuing education centers nationwide to develop appropriate solutions, enable management, and develop this system in the future.

Improve the quality of planning; organizing forecasting, regularly providing information on the development of education and societal workforce needs for central authorities, various levels of authorities, and educational institutions to regulate the scale, structure of professions, and training levels to align with use needs.

Strengthen and improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of inspection and supervision in education; correctly and fully implementing the duties, powers regarding inspection work of ministries, ministerial agencies, local authorities, state regulatory authority in education, educational institutions, ensuring democracy, transparency, and openness. Improve the capacity of the education inspection team to contribute to improving the quality of inspection and supervision work for organizations and individuals operating in the field of education and training.

3. Ensuring equity in access to education

Implement fairness and equality in access to quality education that meets the learning needs of the people, especially those in ethnic minority and mountainous areas, areas with extremely disadvantaged socio-economic conditions, coastal areas, islands, densely populated urban areas, industrial parks, export processing zones, and vulnerable groups such as orphans, homeless children, persons with disabilities, those from poor households, near-poverty households, women and girls, and other vulnerable individuals. Intensify the teaching of spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities, preserve and promote the linguistic and cultural values of various ethnic groups, intensify Vietnamese language preparation for children from ethnic minorities based on their mother tongue.

Have policies to support children under 36 months to attend preschool, especially in areas with extremely disadvantaged socio-economic conditions, industrial parks, export processing zones, densely populated urban areas. Improve the effectiveness of literacy programs, aiming to eradicate illiteracy.

Further improve policies to assist learners who are social policy beneficiaries, ethnic minorities in areas with extremely disadvantaged socio-economic conditions, orphans, homeless children, persons with disabilities, those from poor and near-poverty households; education credit policies, scholarships, social allowances for students; fee waivers, reductions, and support for tuition fees and living expenses, creating equal learning opportunities for all; policies for students under admission by form of nomination, students from pre-university schools, and student from ethnic minority with sparse population.

Ensure the right to access quality education for persons with disabilities. Further implement in an effective manner three education methods for persons with disabilities: inclusive education, semi-inclusive education, and specialized education, with a special focus on inclusive education.

Strengthen and develop ethnic boarding schools, ethnic semi-boarding schools, pre-university school systems to maintain the results of universal education and provide high-quality human resources for ethnic minority and mountainous areas, areas with extremely disadvantaged socio-economic conditions.

4. Developing an education network to meet the learning needs of the people

Develop an open, flexible and diversified education system with training models, educational programs, learning methods, technology applications, and digital transformation in education to suit all learners, promote lifelong learning, and build a learning society. Linking general education with vocational education and higher education.

Further review and reorganize the network of preschools and general education schools to meet the specific needs and conditions of each local area and ensure a sufficient number of schools, classrooms, and teaching equipment to achieve universal preschool education for preschool, primary, and lower secondary school children towards implementing compulsory education for 9 years. Encourage the development of private educational institutions in areas with developed socio-economic conditions. Research and develop new models such as online schools, smart schools, happy schools, high-quality schools, autonomous public schools...

Review and reorganize the network of continuing education institutions towards open, flexible, and efficient education to meet the lifelong learning needs of all citizens, building a learning society.

Effectively implement the Planning for the network of higher education and pedagogy institutions for the period 2021-2030, orientation toward 2050, to better meet the public's increasing demand for higher education and the requirements for high-quality human resources equipped with scientific, technological skills, and innovative thinking. Leverage the strengths of Military and Police educational institutions in civilian training for dual-use sectors appropriately to efficiently use resources and meet the country's socio-economic development needs.

Effectively implement the Planning for specialized education system for persons with disabilities and the development support centers for inclusive education for the 2021-2030 period, orientation toward 2050, ensure sufficient capacity, scale to meet the needs of access and enjoyment of quality education services for persons with disabilities.

Review, prioritize the allocation of sufficient land funds to build preschools, general education institutions, vocational education institutions, and higher educational institutions; develop infrastructure to expand development space; and implement plans to relocate higher education institutions from urban areas to suburban areas of major cities.

5. Innovating content, teaching methods, testing and educational quality assessment

Innovate the Preschool Education Program to ensure consistency in content and methods, embrace advanced trends in program development, align with the practical situation, and integrate with innovations in general education; intensify the management of program implementation in people-founded and private preschools; provide professional support for independent children's groups, kindergarten classes, and preschool classes; prepare the necessary conditions such as personnel, facilities, teaching materials, toys, educational materials, and teaching equipment to implement the new preschool education program effectively.

Effectively implement the comprehensive general education program aimed at the holistic development of each individual learner's qualities and capabilities; promote integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) education methods and scientific research in general education schools; improve self-learning abilities, lifelong learning awareness, and the ability to choose careers that suit one's capabilities, interests, and circumstances.

Effectively organizing career orientation and student streamlining; encourage vocational education institutions, enterprises to participate in developing career orientation programs, materials, and assessing the results of career orientation in general education schools and continuing education centers. Intensify the integration of entrepreneurship education into subjects and educational activities. Researching and establish a skill development framework to foster and encourage entrepreneurial spirit and innovation among general education school students.

Innovate the literacy program and continuing education program at lower and upper secondary education levels in accordance with the general education program.

Allocate more resources to improve the quality of higher education, create a significant transformation in training quality, scientific research, technology transfer, and innovative creativity to meet the demands for high-quality human resources in knowledge economy, digital economy, green economy, circular economy, especially in fundamental sciences, engineering, technology, and emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, data science, semiconductors, etc. Innovate management, programs, and training methods towards international integration.

Review, assess, and update training programs to encourage integrating entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurship training content to ensure relevance to practical needs and meet requirements of enterprises. Improve the quality of political ideology education, national defense and security education, develop solid political awareness, consciousness, and responsibility for the tasks of nation-building and defense among students. Innovate content, methods, and formats to organize to activities to educate revolutionary ideals, ethics, lifestyle, disseminate legal knowledge, and life skills; career orientation, activities to equip students with vocational knowledge, entrepreneurial skills, innovation and creativity. Intensify physical education, sports activities, build safe schools, build safe schools, protect and care for children and students' health comprehensively, both physically and mentally. Establish criteria and requirements for assessing students' positive and proactive engagement in educational activities.

Innovate student assessment towards developing qualities and abilities; promote a harmonious and happy learning environment, reduce learning pressure, maximize student potential, and encourage learning based on passion and interests. Complete assessment methods, adopt good international practices, efficiently use information technology, and improve result analysis to aid teaching and education management. Promote quality assurance and accreditation of educational institutions; accredit the quality of university-level training programs. Effectively implement national-level comprehensive assessment cycles to periodically provide objective, reliable information on the quality of general education, serving as the basis for proposing innovative policies and solutions to meet the requirements of implementing the General Education Program 2018, improving the quality of general education and international integration. Encourage organizations, individuals, and employers to participate in developing, adjusting, implementing training programs, and assessing students' competencies.

Improve the quality of teaching and learning of foreign languages at all levels of education and training; gradually introduce English as the second language in schools; prioritize investment in English training and development for teacher training colleges and teacher training programs; teach foreign languages according to graduation standards, meeting labor market requirements in higher education programs; encourage teaching some subjects in foreign languages in general education and some university majors in foreign languages; ensure an adequate number of qualified language teachers; promote the application of technology and international cooperation in foreign language teaching and learning. Develop and implement the National Foreign Language Scheme in the new period.

Establish and implement procedures for early detection, nurturing, and guiding the development of talents and aptitudes in students, especially in subjects and STEM fields; prioritize selection of and scholarships for outstanding individuals to study abroad through scholarship programs using the state budget, which is in line with national human resource development objectives.

Researching the application of artificial intelligence in innovating the content, teaching methods, assessment, and evaluation of education quality.

6. Developing the teachers and education managers

Develop a workforce of teachers, education managers, and education employees with sufficient numbers, ensuring quality, rationality, and consistency in team structure, meeting professional standards.

Develop a teacher training system within the network of higher education institutions, establish some key pedagogical schools. Implement training aligned with needs to ensure the appropriate structure, quantity, and quality of teachers in preschool, primary, and continuous education to meet the requirements of educational innovation; innovate teacher training models and methods, integrate teacher training at pedagogical institutions with practical activities in schools; train teachers through ordering mechanism; arrange, assign and use the existing teacher workforce effectively; innovate recruitment mechanisms and teacher use to ensure that preschools, primary schools, and continuous education institution have the allocated teacher ratios as per regulations of the Ministry of Education and Training, ensure effective implementation of the new preschool education program, the General Education Program 2018, and the continuous education program.

Further implement programs to train university lecturers with doctoral degrees, apply ordering methods, and output-based mechanisms for reputable doctoral training institutions.

Innovate the content, methods, and forms of training and development for teachers and education managers, and education employees towards developing capacity and professional ethics. Increase the number of lecturers pursuing doctoral training abroad; attract scholars within and outside the country, individuals with doctoral degrees to work as lecturers at higher education institutions.

Innovate and complete mechanisms and policies for recruitment, management, use, treatment and promotion of talents, ensuring necessary material and spiritual condition for teachers education managers, and education employees to effectively fulfill their roles and responsibilities, work with peace of mind and dedication; simultaneously attract talented individuals to the education sector and motivate the development of teachers, education managers, and education employees; research, develop, and nurture high-quality human resources for education and training at all levels linked with improving the policies and mechanisms for developing the workforce. Provide incentive and preferential policies for teachers, education managers, and education employees working in remote mountainous areas, areas with extremely disadvantaged socio-economic conditions, coastal areas, and islands; especially for teachers, education manager who are female, ethnic minorities, and teachers working in specialized educational institutions. Implementing the guideline of placing teachers' salaries as the highest priority in the public sector salary scale system and provide them with additional allowances depending on the nature of the job and the region.

7. Ensuring financial resources and facilities for educational development

Allocate state budget for education and training to ensure a minimum of 20% of the total state budget expenditure as required and efficiently manage financial resources for education and training development. Timely adjust the budget allocation for education and training in line with economic growth. The state budget ensures funding for compulsory education, universal education, and free education for 5-year-old preschool children, literacy eradication, and student classification in general education, key tasks, target programs, key industries; prioritize investment in ethnic minority and mountainous regions, areas with extremely disadvantaged socio-economic conditions.

Research resource allocation mechanisms towards transitioning from equal distribution mechanism to a state-contracted, task-based or bidding mechanism for provision of education services by output results. Implement an ordering or bidding mechanism based on a system of economic - technical norms and quality standards for a number of types of training services. Advance equality in the right to receive state support for students in public and private schools. Promote socialization, encourage community and social participation in education development, especially investing in the development of high-quality private educational institutions that meet social needs, particularly high-quality non-profit private institutions.

Intensify mobilization and attraction of domestic and foreign resources for education development. Encourage the formation of scholarship funds, learning encouragement funds, talent encouragement funds, to help poor students achieve good academic results. Develop joint ventures, partnerships with domestic and international partners to enhance the quality of education and promote scientific research and research results transfer.

Develop and implement programs to improve the facilities for preschool and general education to ensure minimum requirements for program implementation. Additionally, integrate objectives to improve school facilities into national target programs. Further invest in building preschools and general education schools that meet national standards.

Diversify investment sources from the state budget, official development assistance (ODA), concessional loans, non-refundable aid, investment capital, and donation from organizations, individuals, and other legal financial sources; allocate and use public investment source efficiently to attract social resources for investment in educational institutions. Increase investment resources for higher education development commensurate with the role of higher education, especially for high-quality human resource training, key sectors, and the high-technology sector.

Establish breakthrough mechanisms, policies, and prioritize allocation of resources to develop national universities, regional universities, outstanding universities in accordance with international agreements, key educational institutions, and pedagogical universities comparable to advanced countries, with sufficient capacity and conditions to maintain a core role in education and scientific research. Develop and implement a modern public investment program to modernize higher education in line with the network planning of universities, pedagogical institutions, and vocational education institutions for the 2021-2030 period, orientation toward 2050 to make a breakthrough in developing high-quality human resources; ensure adequate resources to implement planning and schemes for training high-quality human resources to serve the development of important economic sectors and high-tech sectors approved by the Prime Minister.

8. Intensifying technology application and digital transformation in education

Implement the National Strategy on Research, Development, and Application of Artificial Intelligence in Education and Training by 2030. Speed up the digital transformation process, apply artificial intelligence in education administration and management; complete the management information system and database of the entire education sector, ensuring synchronized data connection across educational institutions and management levels, linking education data with national databases; ensure practicality and efficiency of all educational institutions implementing teaching and school management digitally, creating a digital transformation ecosystem in educational institutions.

Develop and leverage open educational resources to provide lifelong learning opportunities for the public. Develop a shared digital learning resource pool across the sector. Promote online training following international standards. Encourage the development and use of big data, apply artificial intelligence in education and training. Research, pilot, and implement new school models such as virtual schools, smart schools; focus on implementing online higher education models to develop and improve the quality of human resources to meet digital transformation requirements.

Develop a digital higher education network based on digital transformation, apply digital technology in the organization and operation of each institution and the entire higher education system; connect the network of higher education institutions with online platforms to efficiently share and use higher education resources and services; transform the operation model of some universities or training units of higher education institutions into virtual universities, virtual training centers. Increase the scale, improve the quality and efficiency of digital higher education; form a network of higher education institutions by key sectors on the national digital higher education system.

Ensure conditions of human resources and digital infrastructure, connectivity, bandwidth, integrated data sharing platforms, information security, prioritize support for educational institutions in ethnic minority areas, mountainous regions, and areas with extremely disadvantaged socio-economic conditions; enhancing cooperation with enterprises, organizations, and individuals in research collaboration, application deployment, and attract investment to build information technology systems, digital transformation in the education sector.

9. Promoting scientific research and innovative creativity in higher education institutions

Invest in improving the research potential and innovative creativity in higher education institutions; prioritize investment in the development of basic sciences, cutting-edge sciences, new technologies, and research applications in advantageous fields of Vietnam; develop some higher education institutions into hubs to drive a network of excellent technology-focused training centers prioritizing Industry 4.0 technologies. Strengthen scientific publications, encourage publishing and disseminating research works in reputable domestic and international journals, and ensure academic integrity. Improve the quality of scientific journals of higher education institutions to join reputable citation systems in the region and globally.

Allocate budget funds for science and technology commensurate with the capacity and results of scientific and technological activities of higher education institutions.

Improve the quality and efficiency of scientific research and technology transfer; focus on strengthening the connection between education and research, scientific development, and innovative creativity, particularly in postgraduate education and intellectual property creation. Intensify research on application and transfer of technology to serve socio-economic development. Promote innovation, entrepreneurship, and cooperation between higher education institutions and enterprises, encourage the establishment of enterprises to apply research results in higher education institutions. Form a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation in educational institutions from general to higher education; form an innovation network, develop a creative entrepreneurship ecosystem in higher education institutions.

Develop educational research and educational management science; focus on investing in improving the capacity and effectiveness of the national educational research agency. Improve the quality of research staff and educational experts. Further implement the national research program on educational science and improve educational research in educational and training institutions.

10. Intensifying international integration

Actively expand bilateral and multilateral cooperation; promote cooperation with ASEAN countries and countries with top-quality education systems worldwide. Promote the signing and effective implementation of international agreements and treaties, prioritizing the implementation of international and regional commitments on educational development objectives, programs, projects and state budget scholarship programs.

Promote international cooperation between Vietnamese educational institutions and prestigious foreign partners; refer the Vietnamese National Qualifications Framework to national qualification frameworks of other countries and regions; participate in international and regional diploma/degree and credit recognition mechanisms. Participate in international education quality assessment and ranking programs for general education and prestigious international university rankings.

Intensify student, lecturer exchange; share educational management experiences and scientific research collaboration. Promote attracting international students to study in Vietnam. Encourage Vietnamese higher education institutions to cooperate in training and research with high-quality international schools and research institutes to form international research groups.

Continuing to train high-quality human resources abroad using the state budget, especially training doctoral-level lecturers and experts in engineering, high technology, and key sectors that are in demand in Vietnam.

Promote cooperation and investment with foreign countries, develop high-quality preschools and general education schools, universities under cooperation agreements between Vietnam and foreign countries; attract reputable foreign higher education institutions to establish campuses in Vietnam.

Intensify the promotion of Vietnamese language and culture abroad; improve the quality of Vietnamese language teaching for foreigners in Vietnam.

IV. IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET

1. Implementation budget for the Strategy includes:

- State budget allocated in the budget estimates of ministries, central and local authorities.

- Integrated capital sources in national target programs, programs, plans, and other projects.

- Foreign concessional loans, ODA.

- Revenue from tuition fees; revenue from production, business, services activities; joint ventures, partnerships; leasing of public property as regulated by law.

- Capital rose from domestic and foreign organizations, individuals.

- Other financial sources as stipulated by law.

2. Ministries, central and local authorities shall prepare annual budget estimates to implement the Strategy and manage and use funds in accordance with the laws on state budget.

V. ORGANIZATION

1. The Ministry of Education and Training shall

- Take charge in implementing the Education Development Strategy until 2030, orientation toward 2045; Cooperate with relevant ministries, central authorities, agencies, and local authorities to specify programs, plans, schemes, projects and tasks for 5 years and annually; develop mechanisms, policies, programs, schemes, projects, and plans on educational development according to decentralization, submit to competent authorities for approval, implementation.

- Provide guidance, inspect, urge, monitor, assess the implementation of the Strategy. Take charge and cooperate with relevant agencies in reviewing 10-year implementation result of the Strategy and report to the Prime Minister.

- Take charge and cooperate with relevant ministries in establishing an interlinked mechanism between vocational education and other levels within the national education system; implement the regulations of the Vietnamese Qualifications Framework for higher education levels; organize the implementation of referencing levels of higher educational within the Vietnamese Qualifications Framework to the ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework (AQRF) and other national qualification frameworks.

2. The Ministry of Labor, War Invalid and Social Affairs shall

- Take charge in implementing the Vocational Education Development Strategy for the 2021 – 2030 period, orientation toward 2045.

- Cooperate with the Ministry of Education and Training and relevant ministries in building an interlinked mechanism between vocational education and higher education and other levels within the national education system.

- Take charge, cooperate with the Ministry of Education and Training and related ministries in developing the National occupation skill qualification framework as per laws on employment in sync with the National qualifications framework to meet the vocational skills requirements of the labor market; organize forecasting and information on human resource needs.

3. The Ministry of Planning and Investment shall

Provide guidance, review, advise competent authorities to prioritize the allocation of public investment capital from the state budget in the medium-term and annual plans for ministries, central and local authorities to ensure facilities, equipment for education and training to achieve the objectives and solutions of the Strategy; review, publicly disclose data on investment expenditure for education according to the medium-term and annual plans in accordance with the law on public investment, state budget, and other relevant laws.

4. The Ministry of Finance shall

Take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of Planning and Investment, the Ministry of Education and Training and other ministries, central and local authorities in prioritizing budget allocation for educational development until 2030, orientation toward 2045, in accordance with the law on the state budget and relevant laws; ensure that the state budget allocation for education and training ensures at least 20% of total state budget expenditure as prescribed.

5. The Ministry of Science and Technology shall

- Take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of Education and Training and other ministries, central and local authorities in developing mechanisms and policies to promote scientific and technological activities and innovation of higher education institutions; improve the quality of Vietnamese scientific journals to join reputable citation systems in the region and globally.

- Take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of Finance in proposing a plan for allocating budget funds for science and technology commensurate with the capacity and results of scientific and technological activities of higher education institutions.

6. The Ministry of Home Affairs shall

- Take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of Education and Training in reporting to the Central Government on prioritizing the arrangement and supplementing of staff in the education sector to meet local needs according to the norms prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training, meeting the needs of educational development by 2030.

- Cooperate with the Ministry of Education and Training in establishing breakthrough mechanisms and policies to attract and use foreign experts, scientists, and Vietnamese people residing abroad to teach, research, and work at educational institutions in Vietnam.

7. The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism shall

Take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of Education and Training and ministries and central and local authorities in guiding and enabling access to local sports facilities to serve physical education and sports activities in schools to nurture and build Vietnamese people to develop comprehensively in morality, intelligence, physique, and aesthetics.

8. The Ministry of Health shall

Take charge and coordinate with ministries and central authorities in enhancing and improving the capacity of the school health system, ensuring comprehensive health protection and care for children and students to improve and achieve clear results in improving the physical strength and health of the new generation of Vietnamese people.

9. The Ministry of Information and Communications shall

Instruct press and media agencies to carry out propaganda on education. Increase the duration and quality of news and articles about education and training. Cooperate with the Ministry of Education and Training in developing mechanisms and policies to promote digital transformation and ensure information security in the education sector, especially at educational and training institutions.

10. The Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs shall

Propagate, inspect and supervise the implementation of the Strategy in ethnic minority and mountainous areas, specify it in the socio-economic development target program for ethnic minority and mountainous areas period 2021-2030.

11. 11. The Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the Vietnam Association for Promoting Education, and relevant socio-political and socio-professional organizations shall implement this Strategy within their jurisdiction.

12. Ministries, ministerial agencies, government agencies, and other relevant agencies shall

Develop programs, action plans to implement the Strategy and organize the implementation of tasks, projects assigned in the Appendix attached to the Strategy; allocate funds to carry out tasks, solutions, projects as per laws on state budget decentralization. Review, amend, supplement, issue by their authority, or advise competent authorities to amend and issue new regulations related to the responsibility to promote educational development. Propagate, inspect and supervise the implementation of programs, schemes and projects in education and training.

13. People's Committees of provinces and centrally affiliated cities shall

Pursuant to the Education Development Strategy to 2030, orientation toward 2045, People's Committees of provinces and centrally affiliated cities shall develop implementation plans. Specify and implement the Strategy in the local areas, in line with the local socio-economic development plan; intensify planning work, arrange sufficient land fund for education and training development in accordance with law; arrange sufficient funding for implementation in accordance with law on state budget decentralization for education and training; take responsibility for the results of implementing strategies, plans, programs, projects, and proposals in education in the local areas.

Article 2. This Decision comes into force from the day which it is signed.

Article 3. Ministers, Heads of ministerial agencies, Heads of Government agencies, Chairmen of People's Committees of provinces and centrally affiliated cities are responsible for implementing this Decision.

PP. PRIME MINISTER DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER Le Thanh Long

APPENDIX

LIST OF TASKS AND SCHEMES FOR IMPLEMEMENTATION OF EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY TILL 2030, ORIENTATION TOWARD 2045
(Attached to Decision No: 1705/QD-TTg dated December 31, 2024 of the Prime Minister)

No.	Tasks, schemes	Presiding agencies	Cooperating agencies	Submission time	Approving authorities
1	Formulation of Law on Lifelong Learning	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2029	National Assembly
2	Amendments to Law on Education	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2028	National Assembly
3	Formulation of the Law on Higher Education replacing the Law on Higher Education No. 08/2012/QH13 and the Law amending the Law on Higher Education No. 34/2018/QH14	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2027	National Assembly
4	Amendments to Law on National Defense and Security Education	The Ministry of National Defense	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025 - 2030	National Assembly
5	Scheme for universalizing preschool education for children from 3 to 5 years old	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025	Prime Minister
6	Scheme for innovating preschool education program	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025	Prime Minister
7	Scheme for preschool education development for the period 2026 - 2030, orientation toward 2045	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
8	Scheme for improving the quality of universal lower secondary education for the period 2026 - 2030, orientation toward 2045	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
9	Scheme for developing teachers and education managers of preschool and general education institutions for the 2026 – 2035 period	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
10	Scheme for ensuring conditions for implementing primary education as compulsory education according to the Law on Education 2019	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2027	Prime Minister
11	Scheme for developing breakthrough mechanisms and policies to attract and use foreign experts, scientists, and overseas Vietnamese to teach, research, and work at Vietnamese educational institutions.	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
12	Scheme for improving the quality of scientific journals of Vietnam to join reputable citation systems in the region and globally.	The Ministry of Science and Technology	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
13	Scheme for intensifying the application of information technology and digital transformation in education and training for the 2026 – 2030 period	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
14	Scheme for supporting student entrepreneurships in the 2026 – 2035 period	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025	Prime Minister
15	Scheme for providing training and refresher training for teachers, lecturers, and education managers in national defense and security education for the period 2026 - 2035	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025	Prime Minister
16	Schemes for innovating the form of high school graduation exams, which will be piloted from 2027 and implemented synchronously after 2030	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
17	Scheme for developing school culture for the 2026 – 2035 period	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
18	Program for public investment in modernizing higher education	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025	Government
19	Program for improving facilities for preschool and general education in the 2026 – 2035 period	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025	Government
20	Scheme for teaching and learning foreign languages, especially English in the national education system for the 2026 – 2035 period, orientation toward 2045	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025	Prime Minister
21	School health development Scheme	The Ministry of Health	Relevant ministries and agencies	2025	Prime Minister
22	Scheme for developing continuing education with diverse content and form, meeting people's lifelong learning needs	The Ministry of Education and Training	Relevant ministries and agencies	2026	Prime Minister
23	Scheme for intensifying research, development of science, technology and innovation associated with training activities in higher education institutions	The Ministry of Education and Training	Ministries, central and local authorities	2027	Prime Minister
24	Scheme for developing and preserving ethnic spoken and written language for the 2030 – 2045 period	The Ministry of Education and Training	Ministries, central and local authorities	2029	Prime Minister