National Technical Regulation QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT for Surface water quality
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY
Foreword
QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT is developed by the Pollution Control Department, submitted by the Department of Science and Technology and Department of Legislation for approval; appraised by the Ministry of Science and Technology and promulgated together with the Circular No. 01/2023/TT-BTNMT dated March 13, 2023 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment.
QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT supersedes QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY
1.1. Scope
1.1.1. This Regulation provides for maximum permissible limits of surface water quality parameters.
1.1.2. This Regulation is applied to manage, assess and classify surface water quality as a basis for the protection and use of water sources and implementation of relevant regulations of law on environment.
1.2. Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to environment authorities, organizations, residential communities, households and individuals whose activities involve surface water quality within Vietnam’s territory.
1.3. Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation, the terms below shall be construed as follows:
1.3.1. “surface water” specified in this Regulation means water that exists on the surface of a continent or island, including rivers, streams, canals, ditches, lakes, ponds, and lagoons.
1.3.2. “parameters for protection of underwater habitats” specified in this Regulation means basic parameters that directly affect aquatic life and underwater ecosystem. These parameters are intended for regular and continuous monitoring to assess and classify of surface water quality.
1.3.3. “parameters affecting human health” specified in this Regulation means parameters that are likely to cause harm to health when surface water is used directly by humans (without treatment) for different purposes.
Table 1. Maximum permissible limits of parameters affecting human health
|
No. |
Parameter |
Unit |
Maximum limit |
|
1 |
Nitrite (NO-2 expressed as N) |
mg/L |
0,05 |
|
2 |
Ammonium (NH4+ expressed as N) |
mg/L |
0,3 |
|
3 |
Chloride (Cl-) |
mg/L |
250 |
|
4 |
Fluoride (F-) |
mg/L |
1 |
|
5 |
Cyanide (CN-) |
mg/L |
0,01 |
|
6 |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/L |
0,01 |
|
7 |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/L |
0,005 |
|
8 |
Lead (Plumbum) (Pb) |
mg/L |
0,02 |
|
9 |
Chromium (6+) (Cr6+) |
mg/L |
0,01 |
|
10 |
Total Chromium (Cr) |
mg/L |
0,05 |
|
11 |
Copper (Cuprum) (Cu) |
mg/L |
0,1 |
|
12 |
Zinc (Zincum) (Zn) |
mg/L |
0,5 |
|
13 |
Nickel (Ni) |
mg/L |
0,1 |
|
14 |
Manganese (Mn) |
mg/L |
0,1 |
|
15 |
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) (Hg) |
mg/L |
0,001 |
|
16 |
Iron (Ferrum) (Fe) |
mg/L |
0,5 |
|
17 |
Antimony (Sb) |
mg/L |
0,02 |
|
18 |
Anionic surfactant |
mg/L |
0,1 |
|
19 |
Total phenol |
mg/L |
0,005 |
|
20 |
Aldrin (C12H8Cl6) |
µg/l |
0,1 |
|
21 |
Lindane (C6H6Cl6) |
µg/L |
0,02 |
|
22 |
Dieldrin (C12H8Cl6O) |
µg/L |
0,1 |
|
23 |
Total DDT (1,1'-(2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diyl) bis(4-chlorobenzene) (C14H9Cl5) |
µg/L |
1,0 |
|
24 |
Heptachlor & Heptachlorepoxide (C10H5Cl7 & C10H5Cl7O) |
µg/L |
0,2 |
|
25 |
Total oils & grease |
mg/L |
5,0 |
|
26 |
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) |
mg/L |
0,0005 |
|
27 |
Tetrachloroethylene PCE (C2Cl4) |
mg/L |
0,04 |
|
28 |
1,4-Dioxane (C4H8O2) |
mg/L |
0,05 |
|
29 |
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) |
mg/L |
0,004 |
|
30 |
1,2 Dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2) |
mg/L |
0,03 |
|
31 |
Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) |
mg/L |
0,02 |
|
32 |
Benzene (C6H6) |
mg/L |
0,01 |
|
33 |
Chloroform (CHCl3) |
mg/L |
0,08 |
|
34 |
Formaldehyde (CH2O) |
mg/L |
0,5 |
|
35 |
Bis (2-ethylHexyl)phthalate DEHP (C24H38O4) |
mg/L |
0,008 |
|
36 |
Hexachlorobenzene (C6Cl6) |
µg/L |
0,04 |
|
37 |
Organophosphorus pesticide |
µg/L |
0,5 |
|
38 |
Gross alpha activity α |
Bq/L |
0,1 |
|
39 |
Gross beta activity β |
Bq/L |
1,0 |
|
40 |
E.coli |
MPN or CFU/100 mL |
20 |
Note:
- For parameters DDT, PCBs, organophosphorus pesticide, rely on the purposes of the monitoring program to select appropriate compounds to be monitored.
|
Parameter |
Water quality class |
|||||||||
|
pH |
BOD5 (mg/L) |
COD (mg/L) |
TOC (mg/L) |
TSS (mg/L) |
DO (mg/L) |
Total Phosphorus (mg/L) |
Total nitrogen (mg/L) |
Total Coliforms (CFU or MPN/100ml) |
Heat-resistant coliforms |
|
|
6,5 - 8,5 |
≤ 4 |
≤ 10 |
≤ 4 |
≤ 25 |
≥ 6,0 |
≤ 0,1 |
≤ 0,6 |
≤ 1.000 |
≤ 200 |
A |
|
6,0 - 8,5 |
≤ 6 |
≤ 15 |
≤ 6 |
≤ 100 |
≥ 5,0 |
≤ 0,3 |
≤ 1,5 |
≤ 5.000 |
≤ 1.000 |
B |
|
6,0 - 8,5 |
≤ 10 |
≤ 20 |
≤ 8 |
> 100 and Absence of floating trash |
≥ 4,0 |
≤ 0,5 |
≤ 2,0 |
≤ 7.500 |
≤ 1.500 |
C |
|
< 6,0 or >8,5 |
> 10 |
> 20 |
> 8 |
> 100 and Presence of floating trash |
≥ 2,0 |
> 0,5 |
> 2,0 |
> 7.500 |
> 1.500 |
D |
|
Parameter |
Water quality class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
pH |
BOD5 (mg/L) |
COD (mg/L) |
TOC (mg/L) |
TSS (mg/L) |
DO (mg/L) |
Total Phosphorus (mg/L) |
Total nitrogen (mg/L) |
Chlorophyll-a (mg/m3) |
Coliform group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total coliforms |
Heat-resistant coliforms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
6,5-8,5 |
≤ 4 |
≤ 10 |
≤ 4 |
≤ 5 |
≥ 6,0 |
≤ 0,1 |
≤ 0,6 |
≤ 14 |
≤ 1.000 |
≤ 200 |
A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,0-8,5 |
≤ 6 |
≤ 15 |
≤ 6 |
≤ 15 |
≥ 5,0 |
≤ 0,3 |
≤ 1,5 |
≤ 35 |
≤ 5.000 |
≤ 1.000 |
B |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,0-8,5 |
≤ 10 |
≤ 20 |
≤ 8 |
> 15 and Absence of floating trash |
≥ 4,0 |
≤ 0,5 |
≤ 2,0 |
≤ 70 |
≤ 7.500 |
≤ 1.500 |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 6,0 or >8,5 |
> 10 |
> 20 |
> 8 |
> 15 and Presence of floating trash |
≥ 2,0 |
> 0,5 |
> 2,0 |
> 70 |
> 7.500 |
> 1.500 |
D |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Chlorophyll-a parameter is applied to environmental monitoring programs after 03 years from the date on which this Regulation is promulgated.
2.1. Interpretation of water quality classes:
Class A: Good quality. The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) present in aquatic ecosystems is high. Water may be used for domestic purposes, swimming or water recreation after appropriate treatment measures are applied.
Class B: Average quality. Aquatic ecosystems consume a lot of dissolved oxygen due to a large amount of pollutants. Water may be used for industrial or agricultural purposes after appropriate treatment measures are applied.
Class C: Poor quality. Aquatic ecosystems consume a lot of dissolved oxygen due to a large amount of pollutants. Water does not cause unpleasant odors and may be used for industrial purposes after appropriate treatment measures are applied.
Class D: Very poor quality. Water may greatly affect fish and other organisms living in aquatic environment due to low dissolved oxygen concentration and high pollutant concentration. Water may be used for waterway traffic and other purposes that require low quality water.
2.2. Principles of assessing water quality according to Table 1
- Objectives of the water quality management plan and monitoring program serve as the basis for selecting parameters to be monitored in Table 1;
- Monitoring data used to assess quality of water in a river, stream, canal or ditch includes annual arithmetic mean of value measured at each representative measurement point with little local impact within a river, stream, canal or ditch with a minimum monitoring frequency of 06 times/year;
- Monitoring data used to assess quality of water in a river, stream, canal or ditch means the annual arithmetic mean of value measured at all monitoring points in such river, stream, canal or ditch with a minimum monitoring frequency of 06 times/year;
- Water quality at a measurement point is assessed as not meeting the goal of protecting human health if the annual arithmetic mean value of at least 1 parameter exceeds the limit specified in Table 1.
2.2. Principles of assessing and classifying water quality according to Table 2 or Table 3:
- Table 2 and Table 3 specify limits of parameters affecting aquatic life for the purpose of classifying water quality; serving as a basis for determining the goal of managing and improving water quality for parameters affecting aquatic life;
- Monitoring data used to assess and classify quality of water in a river, stream, canal or ditch under regulations in Table 2 includes annual arithmetic mean of value measured at each representative measurement point with little local impact within a river, stream, canal or ditch with a minimum monitoring frequency of 10 times/year;
- Monitoring data used to assess and classify quality of water in a lake, pond or lagoon according to Table 3 means the annual arithmetic mean of value measured at all monitoring points in such lake, pond or lagoon with a minimum monitoring frequency of 10 times/year;
- Each parameter shall have a single quality classification according to Table 2 or Table 3;
- For saline-contaminated surface water areas, water quality shall be classified using the parameter TOC instead of the parameter COD;
- In case of monitoring the quality of surface water that is not contaminated with salinity, choose to monitor the parameter COD or TOC to classify water quality;
- The 4 water quality classifications are meant to improve water quality for parameters affecting aquatic life. To serve the purpose of assessing the concentrations of toxins affecting human health and ecosystems, depending on each area, it is necessary to select the parameters specified in Table 1 to carry out assessment.
2.4. Use of surface water for different purposes
- Organizations and individuals directly using surface water should pay attention to ensuring that the source of water used is treated to meet water quality standards by each purpose;
- In case of applying appropriate water treatment measures for each pollution parameter to ensure water quality standards by each purpose are met, the treated water may be used for purposes cleaner than those referred to in 2.1.
3.1. Monitoring methods intended for determining concentrations of parameters in surface water are specified under Table 4 or environmental monitoring techniques promulgated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Table 4. Methods for monitoring parameters in surface water
|
No. |
Parameter |
Monitoring method, standard code |
|
1 |
Sampling |
TCVN 6663-6:2018; TCVN 6663-1:2011; TCVN 6663-3:2016 TCVN 6663-4:2018; TCVN 5994:1995; TCVN 8880:2011 |
|
2 |
pH |
TCVN 6492:2011 |
|
3 |
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) |
TCVN 7325:2016; SMEWW 4500O.C: 2017; SMEWW 4500O.H: 2017 |
|
4 |
Total suspended solids (TSS) |
TCVN 6625:2000; SMEWW 2540D:2017 |
|
5 |
COD |
TCVN 6491:1999; SMEWW 5220.B:2017; SMEWW 5220.C:2017 |
|
6 |
BOD5 (20ºC) |
TCVN 6001-1:2008; TCVN 6001-2:2008; SMEWW 5210B:2017 |
|
7 |
Total Nitrogen (TN) |
TCVN 6624:1-2000; TCVN 6624:2-2000; TCVN 6638:2000; SMEWW 4500-N.C:2017 |
|
8 |
Total Phosphorus (TP) |
TCVN 6202:2008; SMEWW 4500P.B&D:2017; SMEWW 4500P.B&E:2017; US EPA Method 365.3 |
|
9 |
Ammonium (NH4+) |
TCVN 6179-1:1996; TCVN 6660:2000; SMEWW 4500-NH3.B&D:2017; SMEWW 4500-NH3.B&F:2017; SMEWW 4500-NH3.B&H:2017 |
|
10 |
Chloride (Cl-) |
TCVN 6194:1996; TCVN 6494-1:2011; SMEWW 4110B:2017; SMEWW 4110C:2017; SMEWW 4500.Cl-:2017; US EPA Method 300.0 |
|
11 |
Fluoride (F-) |
TCVN 6195-1996; TCVN 6494-1:2011; SMEWW 4500-F-.B&C:2017; SMEWW 4500-F-.B&D:2017; SMEWW 4110B:2017; SMEWW 4110C:2017; US EPA Method 300.0 |
|
12 |
Nitrite (NO-2) |
TCVN 6178:1996; TCVN 6494-1:2011; SMEWW 4500- NO-2.B:2017; SMEWW 4110B:2017; SMEWW 4110C:2017; US EPA Method 300.0 |
|
13 |
Cyanide (CN-) |
TCVN 6181:1996; TCVN 7723:2007; SMEWW 4500-CN-.C&E:2017; ISO 14403-2:2017 |
|
14 |
Arsenic (As) |
TCVN 6626:2000; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3114B:2017; SMEWW 3114C:2017; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3125B:2017; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
15 |
Cadmium (Cd) |
TCVN 6197:2008; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3120B:2017; SMEWW 3125B:2017; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
16 |
Lead (Plumbum) (Pb) |
TCVN 6665:2011; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3120B:2017; SMEWW 3125B:2017; SMEWW 3130B:2017; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
17 |
Total Chromium (Cr) |
TCVN 6222:2008; TCVN 6665:2011; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3120B:2017; SMEWW 3125B:2017; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
18 |
Chromium (6+) (Cr6+) |
TCVN 7939:2008; SMEWW 3500-Cr.B:2017 |
|
19 |
Copper (Cuprum) (Cu) |
TCVN 6193:1996; TCVN 6665:2011; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3111B:2017; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3120B:2017; SMEWW 3125B:2017; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
20 |
Zinc (Zincum) (Zn) |
TCVN 6193:1996; TCVN 6665:2011; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3111B:2017; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3120B:2017; SMEWW 3125B:2017; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
21 |
Nickel (Ni) |
TCVN 6665:2011; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3111B:2017; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3120B:2017; SMEWW 3125B:2017; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
22 |
Iron (Ferrum) (Fe) |
TCVN 6177:1996; TCVN 6665:2011; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3500-Fe.B.2017; SMEWW 3111B:2017; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3120B:2017; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
23 |
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) (Hg) |
TCVN 7724:2007; TCVN 7877:2008; SMEWW 3112B:2017; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 7470A |
|
24 |
Manganese (Mn) |
TCVN 6002:1995; TCVN 6665:2011; ISO 15586:2003; SMEWW 3111B:2017; SMEWW 3113B:2017; SMEWW 3120B:2017; SMEWW 3125B:2017; US EPA Method 200.7; US EPA Method 200.8; US EPA Method 6020B |
|
25 |
Antimony (Sb) |
SMEWW 3111.B:2017; SMEWW 3113.B:2017; SMEWW 3120.B:2017; SMEWW 3125.B:2017; US EPA method 200.7; US EPA method 200.8; US EPA method 243.1 |
|
26 |
Anionic surfactant |
TCVN 6622-1:2009; SMEWW 5540 B&C:2017 |
|
27 |
Total oil and grease |
TCVN 7875:2008; SMEWW 5520B:2017; SMEWW 5520C:2017 |
|
28 |
Total Phenols |
TCVN 6216:1996; SMEWW 5530 B&C:2017; US EPA Method 420.1; ISO 14402:1999 |
|
29 |
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) |
TCVN 6634:2000; SMEWW 5310B:2017; SMEWW 5310C:2017 |
|
30 |
Total DDT (1,1'-(2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diyl) bis(4-chlorobenzene) (C14H9Cl5) |
TCVN 7876:2008; TCVN 9241:2017; SMEWW 6630B:2017; SMEWW 6630C:2017; US EPA Method 8081B; US EPA Method 8270D; US EPA Method 8270E |
|
31 |
Lindane (C6H6Cl6) |
|
|
32 |
Dieldrin (C12H8Cl6O) |
|
|
33 |
Aldrin (C12H8Cl6) |
|
|
34 |
Heptachlor & Heptachlorepoxide (C10H5Cl7 & C10H5Cl7O) |
|
|
35 |
Gross alpha activity α |
TCVN 6053:2011; TCVN 8879:2011; SMEWW 7110B:2017 |
|
36 |
Gross beta activity β |
TCVN 6219:2011; TCVN 8879:2011; SMEWW 7110B:2017 |
|
37 |
E.coli |
TCVN 6187-2:1996; SMEWW 9221B:2017; SMEWW 9222B:2017 |
|
38 |
Total Coliforms |
TCVN 6187-2:2020; SMEWW 9221B:2017 |
|
39 |
Heat-resistant coliforms |
TCVN 6187-2:2020; SMEWW 9221:2017 |
|
40 |
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) |
TCVN 9241:2012; SMEWW 6630C:2017; US EPA Method 1668B; US EPA Method 8082A; US EPA Method 8270D |
|
41 |
Tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) PCE |
US EPA method 5021A |
|
42 |
1,4-Dioxane (C4H8O2) |
US EPA method 522 |
|
43 |
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) |
US EPA method 551.1 |
|
44 |
1,2 Dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2) |
US EPA method 502.2; US EPA method 5021A; US EPA Method 8260D |
|
45 |
Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) |
US EPA method 432; US EPA method 5021A; US EPA Method 8260D |
|
46 |
Benzene (C6H6) |
US EPA method 5021A |
|
47 |
Chloroform (CHCl3) |
US EPA method 551.1; US EPA method 502.2; US EPA method 5021A; US EPA Method 8260D |
|
48 |
Formaldehyde (CH2O) |
US EPA method 8315A |
|
49 |
Bis (2-ethylHexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (C24H38O4) |
US EPA method 506 |
|
50 |
Organophosphorus pesticide |
US EPA Method 8141B; US EPA Method 8270D |
|
51 |
Chlorophyll a |
TCVN 6662:2000 (ISO 10260:1992) |
3.2. Apart from the monitoring methods specified in 3.1, results from equipment for automatic and continuous monitoring of surface water that meets technical specifications as prescribed by law are acceptable.
4.1. Periodic or automatic and continuous monitoring of surface water quality and use of monitoring results for directly providing and disclosing information about environmental quality to the community must be performed by organizations that meet the requirements and conditions for environmental monitoring capacity according to the provisions of law.
4.2. Periodic monitoring of surface water quality shall be carried out according to monitoring goals to choose appropriate parameters to be monitored.
5.1. Environment authorities shall provide guidance on, inspect and supervise the implementation of this Regulation.
5.2. In the cases where any of the legislative documents referred to in this Regulation is amended or replaced, the newest one shall apply.
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