National Technical Regulation QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT for Air quality
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON AIR QUALITY
Foreword
QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT is developed by the Pollution Control Department, submitted by the Department of Science and Technology and Department of Legislation for approval; appraised by the Ministry of Science and Technology and promulgated together with the Circular No. 01/2023/TT-BTNMT dated March 13, 2023 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment.
QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT supersedes QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT and QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON AIR QUALITY
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. Scope
1.1.1. This Regulation provides for maximum permissible limits of basic parameters and toxic parameters in ambient air.
1.1.2. This Regulation is applied to monitor and assess quality of ambient air.
1.1.3. This Regulation does not apply to indoor air.
1.2. Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to environment authorities, organizations, residential communities, households and individuals whose activities involve air quality within Vietnam’s territory.
1.3. Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation, the terms below shall be construed as follows:
1.3.1. “basic parameters” refer to those used to carry out periodic, automatic and continuous monitoring in order to monitor air quality, including SO2 (sulfur dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), O3 (ozone), TSP (total suspended particles), PM10, PM2.5.
1.3.2. “toxic parameters” refer to inorganic or organic compounds that are harmful to human health and the environment, and selected for monitoring according to objectives of a monitoring program.
1.3.3. “total suspended particles (TSP)” refers to particles of which the aerodynamic diameter is ≤ 100 µm.
1.3.3. “PM10” refers to particles of which the aerodynamic diameter is ≤ 10 µm.
1.3.3. “PM2.5” refers to particles of which the aerodynamic diameter is ≤ 2.5 µm.
1.3.6. “01-hour average” refers to the average of the values measured over an hour.
1.3.7. “8-hour average” refers to the average of the values measured over 8 hours.
1.3.8. “24-hour average” refers to the average of the values measured over 24 hours.
1.3.8. “annual average” refers to the average of the values measured over a year.
1.3.10. “standard cubic meter of gas” (Nm3) refers to the cubic meter of gas at a temperature of 25ºC and an absolute pressure of 760 mm of mercury.
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Maximum permissible limits of basic parameters in ambient air are specified in Table 1.
Table 1: Maximum permissible limits of basic parameters in ambient air
Unit: μg/Nm3
|
No. |
Parameter |
1-hour average |
8-hour average |
24-hour average |
Annual average |
|
|
1 |
SO2 |
350 |
- |
125 |
50 |
|
|
2 |
CO |
30.000 |
10.000 |
- |
- |
|
|
3 |
NO2 |
200 |
- |
100 |
40 |
|
|
4 |
O3 |
200 |
120 |
- |
- |
|
|
5 |
Total suspended particles (TSP) |
300 |
- |
200 |
100 |
|
|
6 |
PM10 |
- |
- |
100 |
50 |
|
|
7 |
PM2,5 |
- |
- |
50 |
45(*) |
25 |
|
Notes: - (-): N/A - (*): Concentration value, applicable from January 01, 2026. |
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2.2. Maximum permissible limits of toxic parameters in ambient air are specified in Table 2.
Table 2: Maximum permissible limits of toxic parameters in ambient air
Unit: μg/Nm3
|
No. |
Parameter |
Averaging time |
Maximum limit |
|
Inorganic compounds |
|||
|
1 |
Lead (Plumbum) (Pb) and its compounds (expressed as Lead) |
24 hours |
1,5 |
|
2 |
Arsenic (Plumbum) (Pb) and its compounds (expressed as As) |
1 hour |
0,03 |
|
3 |
Arsenic Trihydride (AsH3) |
1 hour |
0,3 |
|
4 |
Hydrochloride (HCl) |
24 hours |
60 |
|
5 |
Nitric Acid (HNO3) |
1 hour |
400 |
|
24 hours |
150 |
||
|
6 |
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) |
1 hour |
300 |
|
24 hours |
50 |
||
|
7 |
Respirable crystalline Silicon Oxide (SiO2) |
1 hour |
150 |
|
24 hours |
50 |
||
|
8 |
Serpentine white asbestos |
24 hours |
1 fiber/m3 |
|
9 |
Cadmium (Cd) and its compounds (expressed as Cd) |
1 hour |
0,4 |
|
8 hours |
0,2 |
||
|
10 |
Chlorine (Cl2) |
1 hour |
100 |
|
24 hours |
30 |
||
|
11 |
Chromium (6+) (Cr6+) and its compounds |
1 hour |
0,007 |
|
24 hours |
0,003 |
||
|
12 |
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) |
1 hour |
20 |
|
24 hours |
5 |
||
|
13 |
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) |
1 hour |
10 |
|
14 |
Manganese and its compounds (expressed as MnO2) |
1 hour |
10 |
|
24 hours |
8 |
||
|
15 |
Nickel (Ni) and its compounds (expressed as Ni) |
24 hours |
1 |
|
16 |
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) (Hg) and its compounds (expressed as Hg) |
24 hours |
0,3 |
|
17 |
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) |
24 hours |
10 |
|
Organic compounds |
|||
|
18 |
Acrolein (CH2=CHCHO) |
1 hour |
50 |
|
19 |
Acrylonitrile (CH2=CHCN) |
24 hours |
45 |
|
20 |
Aniline (C6H5NH2) |
1 hour |
50 |
|
24 hours |
30 |
||
|
21 |
Benzene (C6H6) |
1 hour |
22 |
|
22 |
Benzidine (NH2C6H4C6H4NH2) |
1 hour |
Not detected |
|
23 |
Chloroform (CHCl3) |
24 hours |
16 |
|
24 |
Total Hydrocarbon (CxHy) |
1 hour |
5000 |
|
24 hours |
1500 |
||
|
25 |
Formaldehyde (HCHO) |
1 hour |
20 |
|
26 |
Naphthalene (C10H8) |
8 hours |
500 |
|
24 hours |
120 |
||
|
27 |
Phenol (C6H5OH) |
1 hour |
10 |
|
28 |
Tetrachloethylene (C2Cl4) |
24 hours |
100 |
|
29 |
Vinyl chloride (CICH=CH2) |
24 hours |
26 |
|
Compounds causing unpleasant odors |
|||
|
30 |
Ammonia (NH3) |
1 hour |
200 |
|
31 |
Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) |
1 hour |
45 |
|
32 |
Propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH) |
8 hours |
300 |
|
33 |
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) |
1 hour |
42 |
|
34 |
Mercaptan expressed as Methyl Mercaptan (CH3SH) |
1 hour |
50 |
|
24 hours |
20 |
||
|
35 |
Styrene (C6H5CH=CH2) |
24 hours |
260 |
|
36 |
Toluene (C6H5CH3) |
1 hour |
500 |
|
37 |
Xylene (C6H4(CH3)2) |
1 hour |
1000 |
3. DETERMINATION METHODS
3.1. Monitoring methods intended for determining concentrations of basic and toxic parameters in ambient air are specified under Table 3 or environmental monitoring techniques promulgated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Table 3. Methods for monitoring parameters in ambient air
|
No. |
Parameter |
Monitoring method, standard code |
|
1 |
SO2 |
TCVN 5971:1995; TCVN 7726:2007; MASA 704A; MASA 704B; NIOSH 6004 |
|
2 |
CO |
TCVN 5972:1995; TCVN 7725:2007; MASA 128; OSHA ID-209; OSHA ID 210; ASTM D 3162 |
|
3 |
NO2 |
TCVN 6137:2009; MASA 406; ASTM D1607 |
|
4 |
O3 |
TCVN 6157:1996; TCVN 7171:2002 |
|
5 |
Total suspended particles (TSP) |
TCVN 5067:1995; TCVN 9469:2012 (ISO 10473:2010); US EPA Compendium Method IO-2.1 (high volume); ASTM D 4096 -17 |
|
6 |
PM10 |
40 CFR part 50 Method appendix J; AS/NZS 3580.9.7:2009; AS/NZS 3580.9.6:2003; US EPA Compendium Method IO-2.1 (high volume) |
|
7 |
PM2.5 |
40 CFR Part 50 Method appendix L; AS/NZS 3580.9.7:2009 |
|
8 |
Lead (Plumbum) (Pb) |
TCVN 6152:1996; NIOSH Method 7300; NIOSH Method 7301; NIOSH Method 7302; NIOSH Method 7303; NIOSH Method 7082; NIOSH Method 7105; ASTM D4185-96; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4; ISO 9855:1993; ISO 8518:2001 |
|
9 |
Arsenic (As) |
NIOSH 7300; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4 |
|
10 |
Arsenic Trihydride (AsH3) |
NIOSH method 6001 |
|
11 |
Hydrochloride (HCl) |
NIOSH Method 7907 |
|
12 |
Acid Nitric (HNO3) |
NIOSH method 7907 |
|
13 |
Acid Sulfuric (H2SO4) |
NIOSH Method 7908 |
|
14 |
Respirable crystalline Silicon Oxide (SiO2) |
TCVN 8945:2011 |
|
15 |
Serpentine white asbestos |
TCVN 6502:1999 |
|
16 |
Cadmium (Cd) |
ASTM D4185-96; NIOSH Method 7048; NIOSH 7300; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4; ISO 11174:1996 |
|
17 |
Chlorine (Cl2) |
MASA 202 |
|
18 |
Chromi (6+) (Cr6+) |
NIOSH Method 7600; OSHA Method ID 215; ASTM D 6832 |
|
19 |
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) |
MASA 809; MASA 205; MASA 203F; NIOSH Method 7906 |
|
20 |
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) |
NIOSH Method 6017; NIOSH Method 6010D |
|
21 |
Manganese (Mn) |
ASTM D4185-96; NIOSH 7300; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4 |
|
22 |
Nickel (Ni) |
ASTM D4185-96; NIOSH 7 Method 300; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3; US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4 |
|
23 |
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) (Hg) |
ISO 17733:2015; NIOSH Method 6009; OSHA Method ID 140 |
|
24 |
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) |
ISO 17091:2013; NIOSH Method 7401 |
|
25 |
Acrolein (CH2=CHCHO) |
NIOSH method 2501 |
|
26 |
Acrylonitrile (CH2=CHCN) |
NIOSH method 1604 |
|
27 |
Aniline (C6H5NH2) |
NIOSH method 2002 |
|
28 |
Benzene (C6H6) |
TCVN 12247-1:2018; ASTM D 3686-95; ISO 16017-1:2000; US EPA Method TO-17; MASA 834; NIOSH Method 1501; ASTM D 3686-95; ISO 16017-1:2000; NIOSH Method 1501 |
|
29 |
Benzidine (NH2C6H4C6H4NH2) |
NIOSH method 5509 |
|
30 |
Chloroform (CHCl3) |
NIOSH method 1003 |
|
31 |
Total Hydrocarbon (CxHy) |
NIOSH method 1500 |
|
32 |
Formaldehyde (HCHO) |
NIOSH Method 2541; NIOSH Method 3500; OSHA Method 52; US EPA Compendium Method TO-11A |
|
33 |
Naphtalene (C10H8) |
OSHA Method 35; NIOSH method 1501 |
|
34 |
Phenol (C6H5OH) |
NIOSH Method 3502; OSHA Method 32; NIOSH 2546 |
|
35 |
Tetrachloethylene (C2Cl4) |
US.EPA Method TO-17; NIOSH Method 1003 |
|
36 |
Vinyl chloride (CICH=CH2) |
US EPA Method TO-17; NIOSH Method 1007 |
|
37 |
Ammonia (NH3) |
TCVN 5293:1995; MASA 401 |
|
38 |
Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) |
NIOSH Method 2538 |
|
39 |
Propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH) |
OSHA method PV2293 |
|
40 |
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) |
MASA 701 |
|
41 |
Mercaptan expressed as Methyl Mercaptan (CH3SH) |
TCVN 10026:2020 (ASTM D2913-14); ASTM D2913 - 96(2007); NIOSH Method 2452 |
|
42 |
Styrene (C6H5CH=CH2) |
TCVN 12247-1:2018; ASTM D 3686-95; ISO 16017-1:2000; US EPA Method TO-17; MASA 834; NIOSH Method 1501; ASTM D 3686-95 |
|
43 |
Toluene (C6H5CH3) |
TCVN 12247-1:2018; ISO 16017-1:2000; US EPA Method TO-17; MASA 834; NIOSH Method 1501; ASTM D 3686-95 |
|
44 |
Xylene (C6H4(CH3)2) |
TCVN 12247-1:2018; ASTM D 3686-95; ISO 16017-1:2000; US EPA Method TO-17; MASA 834; NIOSH Method 1501 |
3.2. In addition to the monitoring methods specified in 3.1, the monitoring results from automatic and continuous air quality monitoring equipment that meets technical specifications as prescribed by law are acceptable.
4. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
4.1. Periodic or automatic and continuous monitoring of air quality and use of monitoring results for directly providing and disclosing information about environmental quality to the community must be performed by organizations that meet the requirements and conditions for environmental monitoring capacity according to the provisions of law.
4.2. Periodic monitoring of air quality shall be carried out according to monitoring goals to choose appropriate parameters to be monitored.
5. IMPLEMENTATION
5.1. Environment authorities shall provide guidance on, inspect and supervise the implementation of this Regulation.
5.2. In the cases where any of the documents referred to in this Regulation is amended or replaced, the newest one shall apply.
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